Page 93 - NNS 2014 Program & Abstract Book

extra-cranial injury (n = 13), and typically developing controls
(n = 21). Age did not differ between the groups. Participants com-
pleted a battery of psychological measures which included a novel
Emotional Go/No-Go task. Injury groups completed the battery six
weeks post-injury. The Emotional Go/No-Go task included photo-
graphs of happy, neutral, and fearful facial expressions. On each
subtask, participants were given a Go emotion and had to make
judgments between facial expressions with either the Go emotion or
one of the other two emotions in a pseudo-counterbalanced pre-
sentation with 6 individual subtasks.
General Linear Models compared performance on the Emotional
Go/No-Go task. There were no group differences in accuracy,
F(2,54) = 1.89, p = 0.16, or reaction time, F(2,54) = 0.25, p = 0.78, on
overall performance. However, in a repeated measures model of
false recognition errors, there was a significant interaction between
the three Go emotions and group, in which the TBI group made
significantly more false recognition errors when the Go Emotion was
fear than the other two groups F(4,108) = 2.76, p = 0.03. There were
no group differences on false recognitions of the other two Go
emotions.
Children with TBI demonstrated increased error rates for falsely
recognizing an emotion as fear in others at six weeks post-injury. This
suggests a possible underlying deficit in reading of social cues, par-
ticularly those involving anxiety, which may have significant impact
on emotion regulation. Future study will focus on determining the
longitudinal course and consequences of this deficit.
Key words
emotion processing, emotional go/no go, fear, social cognition
B4-06
SLEEP DISTURBANCE IN SPORTS RELATED CONCUS-
SIONS IN CHILDREN
Furukawa, D., Giza, C.C.
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
The objective of this study was to illustrate any symptoms associated
with sleep disturbances and also to explore potential benefits of using
a graded symptom checklist in identifying sleep disturbances in
children following sports related concussions.
Data was retrospectively collected from 126 patients (age 5–22;
mean age 14.THOD7) who presented to the pediatric TBI clinic at
UCLA between years 2005 and 2013. For each patient, presence of
various symptoms, including sleep disturbance, was determined by
reviewing the HPI, and for a subset of patients (33/126), the graded
symptom checklist (GSC) was also used to determine the presence of
symptoms.
Sleep disturbance was associated with cognitive problems (p = 0.03)
and fatigue (p < 0.01), but not with headache (p = 0.06), pain other
than headache (p = 0.12), or emotional problems (p = 0.23). Compared
to patients without sleep disturbance, patients with sleep disturbance
scored worse on GSC (11.18 vs 39.25; p < 0.01 CI - 40.50 to - 15.63),
standardized assessment of Concussion (SAC) (28.8 vs 25.28; p < 0.01
CI 2.04 to 5.00), and computerized reaction time (0.54 vs 0.77;
p = 0.01 CI - 0.41 to - 0.06). Patients were more likely to report
symptoms of headache (OR 3.03 p = 0.02 CI 1.20 to 8.90), pain other
than headache (OR 11.38 p < 0.01 CI2.49 to 88.18), cognitive prob-
lems (OR 11.95 p < 0.01 CI 3.87 to 54.57), and emotional problems
(OR 9.57 p < 0.01 CI3 3.99 to 24.75) with use of the GSC compared to
without, but the greatest increase in likelihood were seen in fatigue
(OR 23.22 P < 0.01 CI 8.43 to 72.37) and sleep disturbance (OR 20.18
p < 0.01 CI 7.52 to 60.21).
Sleep disturbance was common in children following sports re-
lated concussions and was associated with multiple comorbidities
including cognitive problems, fatigue, and poorer performances on
the GSC, SAC, and computerized reaction time. When identifying
post-concussion symptoms, using the GSC was especially beneficial
in identifying additional cases of sleep disturbances compared to
other symptoms.
Supported by
UCLA BIRC, NS05489, HD061504, Friends of Semel, Child Neu-
rology Foundation/Winokur Family Foundation, Jonathan Drown
Foundation, Today’s and Tomorrow’s Children Fund.
Key words
graded symptom checklist, sleep disturbance, sports related concussion
B4-07
EFFECT OF TBI ON RNA BINDING MOTIF 5 (RBM5) AND 3
(RBM3) PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN THE DEVELOPING RAT
BRAIN
Jackson, T.C., Alexander, H., Lewis, J., Manole, M.D., Clark, R.S.,
Kochanek, P.M.
University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Safar Center for Re-
suscitation Research, Pittsburgh, USA
RBM family proteins regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) processing,
intracellular localization, and stability. The pro-death protein RBM5
regulates exon splicing of target mRNAs. Modulation of caspase-2
splice variants is a prime example. RBM5 up-regulates expression of
pro-death caspase-2L (long) but decreases pro-survival caspase-2s
(short). RBM3 is a cold-inducible and pro-survival protein that reg-
ulates mRNA stability. RBM3 was recently reported to induce neu-
roprotection in vitro. Here we examined protein changes in brain
RBM5 and RBM3 after TBI in developing rats. Postnatal day 17
(PND17) Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to controlled cortical
impact (CCI) traumatic brain injury (TBI). Shams received surgery
without CCI. Cortex/hippocampus (ipsilateral to injury) was harvested
for biochemistry 24 h later. Brain tissue was also harvested from rat
(E17) embryos, naı¨ve PND17, and adults; to define developmental
expression of RBM5/RBM3. RBM5 reportedly migrates at *120KDa
and *90KDa on SDS-PAGE. RBM5 protein expression decreased
with age. The *120KDa form was highest in embryonic brain and
lowest in adults. The *90KDa form was highest in embryonic and
PND17 brain. RBM3 reportedly migrates at *17KDa. RBM3 was
abundant in embryonic brain, low in PND17, and undetectable in
adults. TBI induced a significant decrease of *90KDa RBM5 in
cortical/hippocampal tissues harvested 24 h after injury. The *120KDa
RBM5 protein did not significantly differ after injury compared to
naı¨ves. In contrast, RBM3 significantly increased in injured cortical/
hippocampal tissue 24 h after TBI. Conclusions: Here we report that
the pro-death splicing factor RBM5 is down-regulated in a model of
pediatric TBI. In contrast, the pro-survival protein RBM3 increases in
cortex/hippocampus after brain injury. Taken together our findings
suggest that RBM5/RBM3 proteins are abundant in developing brain.
Changes in protein levels after CCI may represent an endogenous
neuroprotective response in young rats. RBM5 and RBM3 represent
potential targets that merit further exploration in both developmental
and adult TBI. This work was supported in part by US Army grant
W81XWH-10-1-0623.
Key words
biochemistry, controlled cortical impact, RNA binding motifs, thera-
peutics
A-61